Texas A&M Discovers Brucellosis-Causing Bacteria Species in Cameroon
Researchers from Texas A&M University’s College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences have made a significant breakthrough in understanding brucellosis in livestock in Cameroon. This study, which focuses on disease prevention and control, marks the first identification of the specific Brucella bacteria species causing illness in the region.
Key Findings on Brucellosis in Cameroon
Brucellosis is a serious zoonotic disease prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. The research team investigated over 4,600 livestock animals across various regions in Cameroon, discovering that only one species, Brucella abortus, was present. This species is chiefly associated with cattle and can lead to serious reproductive issues such as pregnancy loss and infertility.
Published in Nature Communications, the study estimates that more than 1 million cattle and goats in Cameroon might be infected. This situation poses a substantial risk of zoonotic transmission to humans, raising concerns over millions of potential chronic human infections.
Molecular Confirmation and Genetic Distinctiveness
- The recent study provides molecular confirmation of the endemic Brucella species in Cameroon.
- The strain identified is genetically distinct from those outside Africa.
Dr. Angela Arenas, the lead researcher, emphasized the study’s importance in developing targeted control measures. Understanding this unique strain can help design effective intervention strategies tailored to the region’s specific needs.
Challenges in Addressing Brucellosis
Brucellosis can spread to humans through contact with infected animals or consumption of unpasteurized dairy products. Symptoms in humans mimic other diseases, leading to frequent misdiagnosis. This presents a major challenge, as many health professionals lack awareness about the disease.
- Chronic fever
- Joint pain
- Neurological and cardiovascular issues
Dr. Arenas pointed out that without accurate data, implementing effective control programs is immensely difficult. The ongoing study aims to bridge this knowledge gap by highlighting the specific bacteria responsible for brucellosis in livestock.
Focus on Cattle for Infection Control
The study revealed that approximately 8.3% of cattle and 7.3% of goats tested positive for B. abortus. These findings indicate that cattle are the primary drivers of brucellosis transmission in Cameroon.
Dr. Christopher Laine, an assistant research scientist, noted that control measures need to concentrate on cattle. Even a small percentage of infected animals can significantly impact disease spread, highlighting the importance of targeted surveillance and prevention strategies.
Regional Collaboration is Key
Next-generation DNA sequencing showed that the strain present in Cameroon is closely related to strains found in Uganda and Sudan. However, it remains unique to Africa, suggesting its transmission occurred within the continent.
This stresses the importance of regional collaboration in controlling brucellosis, advocating for enhanced border surveillance as neighboring countries may face similar challenges.
Broader Impact and Ongoing Research
The research was funded by the U.S. Department of Defense’s Defense Threat Reduction Agency and is part of broader efforts to combat brucellosis in several countries, including Uganda and Kenya. The team’s ongoing work involves improving diagnostic capabilities and addressing the misdiagnosis issue among local health professionals.
The economic burden of brucellosis is significant, contributing to livestock productivity loss and public health challenges. With estimates of up to 7 million new cases worldwide annually, comprehensive control programs are essential.
Brucella’s potential use as a bioweapon underscores the need for international collaboration in monitoring and controlling this infectious disease. Overall, the research conducted by Texas A&M University enhances understanding and informs future policy-making to combat brucellosis effectively.
